Liberalism Philosophy - 1839 Words

Slide 1 - Ideology founded on the natural goodness of humans and the autonomy of the individual and favoring civil and political liberties, government by law with the consent of the governed, and protection from arbitrary authority. - advocates limited government, constitutionalism, rule of law, due process, individual liberties including freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly, and free markets Slide 2 Liberalism started as a major doctrine and intellectual endeavour in response to the religious wars gripping Europe during the 16th and 17th centuries, up until the cold war †¢ Liberalism as a specifically named ideology begins in the late 18th century as a movement towards self-government and away from aristocracy. It†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Today, classical liberals tend to see government power as the enemy of liberty, while modern liberals fear the concentration of wealth and the expansion of corporate power. †¢ And like in any adoption to the times, the concept of classical liberalism as such can no longer exist in a modern day context as its principles were only relevant at the time its founding thinkers conceptualised them. Nevertheless, classical liberalism has once again enjoy a resurgence in today’s political and constitutional framework. Legal luminaries like Justice Clarence Thomas of the United States uses language in his SC decisions that articulates political and constitutional theories with roots in the ideals classical liberalism like limited government, the rule of law, personal responsibility and freedom from restraint. †¢ Further, our basic fundamental rights to life, liberty and property take root from the Classical Liberalism Theory. SLIDE 5 Thomas Hobbes – born on Good Friday, April 5, 1588, was an English philosopher, best known today for his work on political philosophy. His 1651 book Leviathan established the foundation for most of Western political philosophy from the perspective of social contract theory SLIDE 6 †¢ The social contract or political contract is an intellectual construct that typically addresses two questions, first, that of the origin of society, and second, the question of the legitimacy of the authorityShow MoreRelatedPolitical Philosophy Of Liberalism1098 Words   |  5 PagesLiberalism is a political viewpoint that is established on the thoughts of liberty and equality. Thus, liberalists promote various ideas that are aligned to the concepts of liberty and equality such as freedom of speech, freedom of religion, gender equality, and civil rights. In general, it can be argued that the philosophy of liberalism is focused on protecting and promoting the freedom of the people (Celikates and Jansen). As such, it presents the people as the central issue of politics. In factRead MoreThe Philosophy Of Liberalism And Marxism Essay1390 Words   |  6 PagesThe Philosophy of Liberalism and Marxism John Locke and Karl Marx are two of the most influential philosophers when it comes to politics and how we should govern. Locke, regarded as the Father of Liberalism and Marx, the Father of Marxism, had many conflicting ideas and philosophies but their works are deep seeded into modern politics we know today and are still widely disputed John Locke’s An essay of Human Understanding in 1689. One of its main concepts is that knowledge is gained by experienceRead MoreClassical Liberalism Is A Political Philosophy Originated1594 Words   |  7 PagesClassical Liberalism is a political philosophy originated in the 18th century based on the idea of individual liberty created to preserve an open and accepting, and open-minded society. Classical liberalism is very solemn when advocating for the value of freedom in which emphasizes the importance of religion, speech, press, assembly, and markets which includes free trade market capitalism, and economic liberalism. Up until around the 1900s, this ideology was commonly known as Liberalism, however,Read MoreLiberalism, The Political Philosophy On Ideas Of Equality And Liberty1573 Words   |  7 PagesLiberalism Liberalism is the political philosophy on ideas of equality and liberty. Liberalisms focus is on the general ideas of fair elections by the people, civil rights, freedom of speech, freedom of religion, free trade, and private property. As with all things though, the way the idea of liberalism can viewed differ by each individual person and the trails they have gone through. Liberalism is no exception from this phenomenon and during the nineteenth Century there were many trails changingRead MoreEssay on Liberalism has Helped Shape Western Political Philosophy1034 Words   |  5 Pages Throughout history, liberalism has been a key principle doctrine in which has helped shape Western political philosophy. Western liberalism traditionally presents its core values around individual freedom and equality. It is also typically associated with democracy, capitalism, freedom of religion, and human rights. These principles have been highlighted in Europe and the United States for the past thr ee hundred years and has served as the dominant ideology of modern Western society. However, althoughRead MoreGoals of the Progressive Era Essay1051 Words   |  5 PagesThe term Progressivism implies a philosophy that promotes change/reform in the current political, economic, and social aspects of society while conservatism stresses gradual change in society but promotes tradition rather than change. The Progressive movement from 1901 to 1917 worked to improve aspects of society that grew out of problems which occurred during the Industrial Age. The goals of the Progressives were to stop monopolies, corruption, inefficiency and social injustices. Both progressiveRead MoreEssay on The Enlightenment Movement 1041 Words   |  5 Pagespeople and government. Although many welcomed the Enlightenment, five movements reacted against the ideas of the era. Conservatism was a reaction against the Enlightenment because it reflected ideas based on tradition and hierarchy. The ideas of Liber alism were built on the foundation of the Enlightenment but began to mimic middle class values. The followers of Nationalism became excessively dedicated to the viewpoints of their nation. The socialist movement was a reaction against the EnlightenmentRead MoreNeo Liberalism And Its Impact On Society1414 Words   |  6 Pagesproactive welfare state. The concept of neo liberalism basically revived from liberalism. By this it can be suggested that liberalism was absent from politics in order to emerge in a new form. Neo liberalism is not basically a distinct ideology and a not proper form of liberalism. It shares only some of the historic views with liberalism which would be general. Another concept which is introduced is economic liberalism. It is defined as that the states do not intervene inRead MoreLiberalism and Its Key Values821 Words   |  3 PagesIn the study of Liberalism and its key values, those of Democracy and Social Justice have often been posited as providing the world with an ideology and political philosophy which can guarantee peace between its adherents. The ‘Democratic Peace’ has been formulated in order to illustrate a world in which democratic states do not engage in war between each oth-er as fellow democrats live with a stable and historically unique form of government. This essay shall explore whether it is acceptable thatRead MoreThe Church Of God A Harmony That Offers Possibilities For Evangelical Theology1226 Words   |  5 PagesEnlightenment Period . Schleiermacher was an early member of the Romanticism movement in Germany. He also attempts to â€Å"reconcile † Enlightenment thought with Protestan t Christianity, and maintained a very subjective/relativist approach to theology and philosophy. Schleiermacher viewed Scripture is therefore not normative, and sought to â€Å"rescue† religion from rationalistic attacks of skeptics . Henceforth, at the cost of the content of some major doctrines he becomes the standard Liberal response to so

My Opinions of The Catcher In The Rye by J.D. Salinger

The Catcher In The Rye by J.D. Salinger Plot: The story starts as Holden Caulfield has recently been expelled from a very expensive private school Pencey Prep in Agerstown, Pennsylvania for failing four classes. He is not very sad about it, because he used to see his school as a prostitute, which claims to have been molding boys into clear-thinking young men since 1888. He also lost popularity in his fencing team, for not going to a very important game. He decides to say goodbye to his history teacher Spencer, who knows that Holden is not coming back to Pencey. Holden meets Spencer in his house, which he finds strange and depressing. They starts a kind of philosophical conversation about â€Å"life is a game†, although Holden keeps on thinking that life is only a game, if you are on the right side. Holden decides that he has enough of Pencey Prep and took a train to New York City, where he plans to stay in Edmont Hotel until Wednesday, because his parents expect him to come home for Christmas vacation on this day. In the hotel Holden thinks about his sexuality. He feels uncomfortable about still being virgin. After dancing in the hotel lounge he agrees to call a prostitute to his room. As the girl, Sunny, enters the room Holden became uncomfortable with the whole situation and says to her that he only wants to talk. Sunny became angry about him and leaves the hotel. After a short nap he calls his friend Sally Hayes, and they agree to meet that afternoon to visit a play.Show MoreRelatedA Short Biography of J.D. Salinger1316 Words   |  6 Pages J. D. Salinger was an American writer who wrote fiction short stories and novels. Some critics dont like his books, yet others do. He had a remarkable life and story. Salinger was an influential 20th century American writer whose works were very scrutinized. Jerome David Salinger was born on January 1, 1919. He was known as J. D. Salinger. He was born in New York, New York. His fathers name was Sol Salinger. His mothers name was Miriam Jillich Salinger. His father was Jewish and his motherRead More 1950s Culture Exposed in The Catcher in the Rye Essay1361 Words   |  6 Pages1950s Culture Exposed in The Catcher in the Rye    J.D. Salingers The Catcher in the Rye is a remarkable book that gives readers a unique and perhaps gloomy perspective of the 1950s through Holden Caulfield, a cynical and peculiar teenager. Through The Catcher in the Rye Salinger describes important aspects of the 1950s. Salinger emphasizes several key characteristics of the 50s and criticizes them through Holden. In addition, Holden Caulfield is a very interesting character withRead MoreHow Salinger’s Holden Caulfield Relates to Teenagers Throughout Time1412 Words   |  6 PagesSalinger’s Holden Caulfield Relates to Teenagers Throughout Time In 1951, J.D. Salinger’s The Catcher in the Rye was #1 on the New York Time’s bestseller list. Since then, the American Literary Association claims The Catcher in the Rye is a â€Å"favorite of censors.† The use of harsh language and profanity has been a long time debate of educators causing the novel to be pulled off bookshelves and propelling J.D. Salinger and his protagonist, Holden Caulfield, into reluctant fame. The translationRead MoreCatcher in the Rye984 Words   |  4 PagesENG 4U1 June 12, 2012 Catcher In The Rye Essay A role model can be can classified as one of many things, but what is it exactly that distinguishes a good one from a bad? The novel, The Catcher in the Rye, written by J.D Salinger is utilized to present the character Holden Caulfield as an unsuitable role model. Firstly, Holden relies on drugs for a way out of his problems instead of facing them. Also, he cannot find his place in the world, which arises, from his natural inclination to lie andRead MoreD. Salinger s The Catcher s The Rye 1872 Words   |  8 Pages J. D. Salinger s novel is often called, . . . the forbidden fruit in the garden of literature (The Catcher 116). J. D. Salinger is a writer from the 1950s, a time where literature has questioned the ideas of traditions placed in a community. Through his life and through his characters Holden Caulfield and Phoebe Caulfield in the 1950s realistic fictional bildungsroman The Catcher in the Rye, the postmodernist author J. D. Salinger focuses on the theme of self isolat ion in society in orderRead MoreComparative Essay Catcher and Breakfast Club1644 Words   |  7 PagesThe Catcher in the Rye and The Breakfast Club Various pieces of literature and entertainment exhibit similar characteristics in their writing style, themes, and portrayals. These features are in each piece to enhance the reading and viewing. The novel The Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger, and the movie The Breakfast Club directed by John Hughes, are two works that are similar in some significant aspects. Both compositions overflow with the theme of teenage rebellion, use rich vernacular, andRead MoreCatcher In The Rye Innocence Essay1229 Words   |  5 PagesRaina Hill Mr. Chilton English 9 - D Band October 26, 2017 Lost in the Rye Many teenagers struggle with the concept of self-identity and growing up. Troubled 16-year old Holden, from the Catcher in the Rye, is no exception. The Catcher in the Rye follows the story of Holden and his journey to adulthood. To Holden, this adulthood is a world full of lies and phoniness. Due to his lack of interest in the world of growing up, HoldenRead MoreCriticism Of Salinger s The Rye1382 Words   |  6 PagesCRITICISM Salinger’s Catcher in the Rye has been into continuous dispute and controversy since its publication in 1951. Some critics think that Salinger s narrative of the human plight is engrossing and enlightening, yet incredibly depressing. The leading character, Holden Caulfield, serves as the basis for critical discussion due to his psychological conflict. Salinger s portrayal of Holden, which encloses incidents of dejection, nervous breakdown, impulsive spending, sexual exploration, andRead MoreJD Salinger Research Paper1671 Words   |  7 Pages Jerome David Salinger, also known as J. D. Salinger, is a fascinating author best known for his novel, Catcher in the Rye. Although Salinger only published one novel, he wrote several short stories for magazines like The New Yorker and Story. A large number of these stories went on to be compiled into books such as Nine Stories, Franny and Zooey, and Raise High the Roof Beam, Carpenters and Seymour: An Introduction. Despite the fact Sali nger has not published any stories in over 45 years, his reputationRead MoreCatcher In The Rye Literary Conflict1087 Words   |  5 Pagesquestion: What is the main literary conflict found in ‘The Catcher in the Rye’? Introduction: J.D Salinger’s bestselling novel ‘The Catcher in the Rye’ depicts a troubled teenage boy who conflicts with the society of the 1950s. Holden Caufield’s cynical way of narrating the story with his constant criticism about other people and the ugliness of the world, introduces the readers to a judgemental and critical protagonist. ‘The Catcher in the Rye’ was based on Salinger’s life experience after WWII. While

African American History

Question: Describe about the African American History? Answer: Nonviolence: The Only Road to Freedom It was felt in the year 1966 that the nonviolence movement of the black people was challenged and many black brethren brought in their doubts regarding self defense in the non violent movement. It was also put forth that every incident of casualty which is arising is being done by the Blacks under the veil of nonviolence to attain freedom. But, the real scenario is that none of the Negroes have in fact resorted to violence in any form (Teachingamericanhistory.org). Various testimonies have been recorded which substantiate this. There are also incidents and reports that point that a single white man has killed and assaulted more people on a single day than that killed by the entire Negro Community. Observations have been made in this regard by the author and he has underlined the subject that the entire Negro population never intends to cause violence and refrain from bloodshed in order to attain independence. The audience in the current article is the Native American population. Regarding the issue of self defense, it has been pointed that many people have at some point of time stated that they prefer to remain silent because they believe that they are likely to lose their cool if they are attacked by the whites. Luther has expressed his view and said that when the people are being made to suffer on a regular basis when their children are being deprived of their rights, their wives are being maltreated and even they are being forced to face discrimination in work places, then it necessarily qualifies the wrongful acts per se (America Magazine). In such a situation, if they can afford to stay calm, then they are supposed to stay calm when they are physically abused as well. The purpose of the Article is to point out that liberty and freedom can be attained through non violent means as well. The good in humanity can be restored through non violent strategies. The example of the student demonstration as a protest against the fact that they were denied to sit and have lunch together with the whites has been drawn in this and it has been very lucidly explained that how putting the authorities under some kind of pressure succeeds in bringing about a change rather than assaulting and causing massacre in the population (Connection.ebscohost.com). It has also been made imperative to resort to human rights in order to achieve the rights that are guaranteed by the constitution. Some strategy regarding this can be followed in the future (Abc.net.au). Peaceful demonstrations have achieved success in history and the same can also witness a success story in the future. Arms and ammunitions cannot help a nation. Rather, what is required to be done is that such marches have to be organized which can make the desired changes in the society. Non violence has to be used as the new weapon which can change the attitude of the people. For this, cooperation and organization are the most important elements. References: Abc.net.au,. 'The Only Road To Freedom: Martin Luther King, Jr. And Nonviolence Opinion ABC Religion Ethics (Australian Broadcasting Corporation)'. N.p., 2013. Web. 15 June 2015. America Magazine,. 'The Only Road To Freedom'. N.p., 2009. Web. 15 June 2015. Connection.ebscohost.com,. 'NONVIOLENCE: THE ONLY ROAD TO FREEDOM'. N.p., 2015. Web. 15 June 2015. Teachingamericanhistory.org,. 'Nonviolence: The Only Road To Freedom | Teaching American History'. N.p., 2015. Web. 15 June 2015.

Synagogue Essay Example

Synagogue Essay A synagogue will look like any other building from the outside the only sign you might get from the outside is the star of David which is called magen David in the Hebrew tongue. There may also be a sign outside stating the name of the synagogue. There are many names for a synagogue such as; shul which means school in Hebrew, bet haknesset, which means house of assembly this is only used by Sephardim, which is oriental Jews. A synagogue is primarily a place of worship but also functions as a community centre for the Jews. The building is so important that the whole Jewish community that worship there will revolve around the building. It is used as a teaching school for Jewish children where they will be taught the Hebrew alphabet, numbers of Hebrew and about their faith. This school is a Jewish equivalent to a Christian Sunday school. If you now go inside you would see that the synagogue is rectangular and although you will not realise it, but the whole synagogue is built facing Israel, if possible, Jerusalem. There will be a sink where the congregation will wash their hands and feet before praying or worshipping. We will write a custom essay sample on Synagogue specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Synagogue specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Synagogue specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer You will also notice that there are separate seats. This is because in orthodox synagogues, the men sit on the ground floor and worship and the women sit in the gallery. There is a good reason for this and not because the Jews are sexist but because in Judaism, the men take on the role of worshipping and the women are expected to look after the house and the children so if people were late (the women). This may be because they had to change the baby or something like that so instead of disturbing the congregation and asking a row to stand up so she can get to her seat the mother can just slip into the gallery. The male children will stay with their mothers until they are thirteen and have had their bar mitzvah and then they will join their fathers. So you would go and sit in the appropriate section and you would notice a raised platform in the centre. This is a bimah in Hebrew and it is where the rabbi stands to deliver his sermons. Another name for a bimah is an almemar. The bimah is raised to symbolise that when the scrolls are being read from it, that the scrolls are above the congregation, this shows that the word of god contained in them and god himself is more important and higher than anybody in that congregation. It is also at the centre of the synagogue symbolising that god is at the centre of peoples lives. There will also be a cupboard or alcove called the ark, which is the most important feature of the synagogue as it is where the torah is kept, these will be in the ark and are the Jewish bible. The ark will be covered with a parachet (a curtain) you will know that this place is holy and important, as it will be beautifully decorated and it is the focal point of the whole synagogue. There will be two tables of stone bearing the Ten Commandments, usually above the ark; there will be a menorah, the seven-branched candlestick and the ner tamid, the ever-burning oil lamp. All of these are a reminder of the temple in Jerusalem, which was the first static synagogue; all that remains of this is the west wall. People will now start to arrive. If it is the Sabbath they will arrive on foot, as you are not allowed to drive on the Sabbath. People will be wearing their best clothes probably suits for men and nice clothes for women. Although you will not notice it, but they will not be carrying anything in their pockets or have any hand luggage. The service will now start. As I have already mentioned the rabbi is the spiritual leader of the synagogue but there will also be a cantor or chazan present the man who will lead the Jews in song and prayer these will both be men in an orthodox synagogue as will the rabbi be. You will also notice that there are no pictures of humans on the walls as they are forbidden and the walls will most likely be a plain colour like white for example. The men will also be wearing kippahs a kind of hat, which stands them out as one of gods people and also worn to show respect for god. The males of he congregation will wear the tallit. The tallit is a prayer shawl with six hundred and thirteen tassels to remind the wearer of the six hundred and thirteen laws found in the torah. As I have already mentioned, the ark is the sacred cupboard or alcove in the synagogue. It is the most important place because it contains the torah scrolls which is the Jewish bible. The Hebrew name for the torah scrolls is sefer torah which basically translated to a scroll. The ark will be exquisitely decorated and the curtain will most probably be velvet (the curtain is called the parochet. ) the scrolls itself are also highly decorated. They are made from a parchment an animal skin that has been stitched together to form one long scroll, on this parchment, the five books of Moses are then written going down in columns. One scroll contains two hundred and fifty columns and one scroll is an average of sixty metres long. And at each end the scroll is stitched onto the etz chaim (this is Hebrew for tree of life as the Jews regard the scroll as the most important thing in their lives. One scroll can take up to one thousand working hours to produce and must be done by a trained scribe. A mantle will also cover the scroll. The mantle is a piece of velvet, which will also have silver decorations, also, hanging around one of the etz chaim will be the yad which is Hebrew for hand. The yad is used for pointing whilst reading the torah as the scrolls are not allowed to be touched by the hand of man. This is because the scrolls are so holy that no man, even a rabbi, considers himself important enough to touch them. In the synagogue, there are a few symbolic and holy objects such as the ner tamid an ever-burning lamp which is kept going in the synagogue constantly as a reminder of the presence of god in the synagogue. There is also the menorah which is a reminder of the first temple built where it stood in that temple as a reminder of the seven days it took god to create the world. You may have drawn this conclusion yourself, but if not, then all synagogues in he world follow the same blueprint as the first temple in Jerusalem and anywhere in the synagogue you look there are reminders of this. Examples of this are objects such as the menorah the seven-branched candlestick, the tablets of stone bearing the ten commandments, the ark and the ner tamid the ever-burning lamp showing that god is always present in the synagogue. In conclusion, I know that this synagogue is an orthodox synagogue and not a reformed or liberal synagogue because, the bimah is at the centre of the synagogue symbolising that god and his words found in the torah should be held at the centre of peoples lives. Also, the men and women sit separately and the women arent taking a leading role in the actual worship itself. There would also never be a female rabbi conducting a service at an orthodox synagogue. The services coincidentally, are in about 70% Hebrew in an orthodox synagogue, which is much higher than the percentage of Hebrew, used in reform or liberal services. There is also no music played and the hymns and songs are sung without the aid or backup of music. In a liberal or reformed synagogue however things would be very different, for instance, there is quite a large chance that a female rabbi would be conducting the service, the man and women are more equal they sit together and worship together as one big mass. The bimah may be at the front which, in my opinion, gives a sense of preaching and I think Jews know their religion, they dont need to be educated about it they just want to worship god. There also may be an organ to accompany songs and hymns because music is permitted in reformed synagogues. There would also be slightly less Hebrew spoken. So this synagogue I have described to you is an orthodox synagogue. Orthodox translates to right belief and is considered to be traditional Judaism.